CELTIC MYTHOLOGY
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FIONN MAC CUMHAL
The legends of Fionn Mac Cumhal and the Fianna are well remembered and
loved in the Highlands. They form part of the 'Ossianic Tales' that
the Celtic bards were required to commit to memory. To this day
story-tellers are keeping alive this ancient craft with their hero tales
of mighty deeds and adventures. In these tales there are frequent
contacts with the Gods themselves, especially with Angus Og, Midir and
Bodb Dearg.
Fionn, whose name means 'the Fair One', was the captain of the Fianna
or Fenians, a sort of legendary police force of ancient Ireland and
Scotland. During the summer months they lived outdoors, hunting and
fishing. They fought many battles with the 'men of Lochlann' who could
be identified with the Fomor, the aboriginal Earth Gods of the older
races, who have become inextricably linked with the later De Danaan
pantheon.
Fionn was the wisest, kindest and most generous of the Fianna. He was
also a poet and seer, who received his training from an old bard named
Finnegas on the banks of the river Boyne. During this time we are told
Fionn received the wisdom of the great salmon of knowledge that swam in
the river. Fionn also received the gift of wisdom from a sacred well of
the goddess. The three daughters who guarded the well threw some of the
well water at Fionn to prevent him approaching. In doing so the water
went into his mouth and so he gained the knowledge of the well.
Fionn was the keeper of many weapons, each of them having some magical
quality, in true Celtic style. His banner was called the Dealb Greine
('sun shape') for it had the likeness of the sun. His sword was known
as Mac an Luin, Son of the Waves, and was given to him by the mystical
God of the sea, Manannan. Fionn's shield, the Skiath Gailbhinn (Storm
Shield) was capable of uttering a roar so loud that it could be heard
throughout Ireland. The Dord Fian was the famous hunting horn of Fionn,
the horn of plenty with which Fionn could rally together the men of the
Fianna.
Finally, Fionn was entrusted with the magical crane skin bag of
Manannan, that contained: the shirt and knife of Manannan, the belt and
smith's hook of Gobhniu, the shears of the king of Alban, the helmet of
the king of Lochlann, the belt of the skin of a great fish and the
bones of Assal's pigs. Each of these items had magical properties which
the enthusiastic reader might gain some insight of by close study of the
legends. At the full tide the crane bag would be full, whereas at the
ebbing tide it would be empty.
One of Fionn's greatest achievements took place at the Feast of Tara,
after which he gained recognition as a great warrior and was given the
leadership of the Fianna. It happened that every Samhain night for nine
years a prince of the Tuatha De Danaans would come out of his sidhe
mound and burn up Tara. His name was Aillen and he would play such
sweet, enchanted music that everyone at the feast would fall into a deep
slumber. The high king promised that if a man came forward who could
save Tara from this fate, he would grant such a man whatever inheritance
he claimed. With the help of a magical spear which he kept pressed to
his forehead, Fionn was able to withstand the enchantment. Aillen grew
angry and shot a flame of fire from his mouth, but the brave Fionn
caught it in his cloak. Realising that here before him stood a man who
could overpower him, Aillen made haste to retreat to his sidhe mound. As
he entered through the doorway Fionn made a fatal cast with his spear
that struck the faerie prince through the heart.
There are innumerable stories and legends associated with the exploits
of Fionn and the Fenians. Through them all we are shown their close
affinity with the wilder places and their inhabitants, the sidhe folk.
These heroes of Alba and Erin are no mere mortals, for they pass easily
from one world to the other, often in pursuit of a magic fawn or boar
which leads them ever deeper into hidden lands and strange encounters.
Fionn possessed two magical hounds, Bran and Sceolan, who were once two
women of the sidhe that had been changed into dog shape. They
accompanied Fionn wherever he went. It was these faithful hounds that
came upon the deer woman Sadb, who had been changed into the shape of a
fawn by a jealous Druid and who became Fionn's wife for a time. She bore
him a son, Oissin, which means 'little fawn'.
In his older age Fionn was to take another wife, Grainne (Grania).
However, his bride-to-be became infatuated with one of the Fianna,
Diarmaid of the Love Spot, and the young couple eloped together. This
dishonourable act invoked the wrath of Fionn, who tirelessly pursued
them from then on across the country. Years later, when Diarmaid was
lying mortally wounded by the boar of Beinn Gulben, Fionn refused to
offer him a drink of water from his hands, which had life-restoring
powers. By this act we are shown that Fionn Mac Cumhal has the power
of Life and Death over Diarmaid. With his two white, red-eared hounds
Fionn reveals himself as the White Hunter, the messenger of Death from
the Goddess. His two hounds are the fighting dogs found amongst the
labyrinth of Celtic knotwork. They guard the gateway that leads to the
Mysteries, where only those with Truth in their hearts may walk.
[Copyright - S. McSkimming/L. MacDonald GODS OF THE CELTS 1992]
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