Subject: xmas2



                    Jerusalem Institute of Biblical Polemics
                         PO Box 13099, Jerusalem 91130
                    Telephone: 02-414299; FAX: 972-02-414522
                     e-mail: jipb@jer1.co.il


                                     *****

                                   Christmas
                            Birthday of a Pagan God
                               By Shmuel Golding


         Christmas or  "Mass of Christ" was instituted by the Church of
         Rome.  It is  not a  festival which has its origins in the New
         Testament,  nor did  it originate  from the  apostles - but it
         gravitated  in  the  fourth  century into  the Roman  Catholic
         Church  from  paganism.  The Catholic  Encyclopedia under  the
         heading  "Christmas",  states:  "Christmas  was not  among the
         earliest  festivals  of the  Church.  Pagan customs  centering
         around the  January calends  (first day  of the  ancient Roman
         month) gravitated to Christmas."

         Turning to the Encyclopedia Britannica 1975 edition,  we read,
         "Christmas,  the festival  of the  birth of Jesus Christ,  was
         established in  connection with a fading of the expectation of
         Christ's  imminent  return.  The  Christmas  festival  is  the
         Christian revision  of the  Roman day of the winter solstice -
         the festival  of Dies Invicti Solis (the Day of the Invincible
         Sun) on December  25. The Fathers of the 2nd and 3rd centuries
         such  as   Clement,   Origen  and  Epiphanius  contended  that
         Christmas  was   a  copy  of  a  pagan  celebration." The  New
         Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia  of Religious  Knowledge points out
         that  "the  pagan  Saturnalia  and  Brumalia  were too  deeply
         entrenched  in  popular custom  to be  set aside  by Christian
         influence." The  Saturnalia  was one  of the  most well- known
         festivals of ancient Rome, Dec 17-24, this was followed by the
         birthday  of  Mithra,  the  god  of light  on Dec  25. This is
         confirmed  by  Encyclopedia  Britannica  under Roman  Religion
         Vol.15 which  states,  "The  ecclesiastical  calendar  retains
         numerous   remnants   of  pre-Christian   festivals  - notably
         Christmas which  blends elements  including both  the feast of
         the Saturnalia and the birthday of Mithra."

         Turning  away  from  encyclopediaic  knowledge our  own common
         sense tells us that Jesus could not possibly have been born in
         December,  that is  if we  are to  believe the  account of his
         birth as  it is  recorded in  the gospel which states,  "There
         were  in  the  same  country shepherds  abiding in  the field,
         keeping watch  over their  flock by  night." (Luke 2.8).  Many
         Christians are  unaware of  the fact that,  December in Israel
         especially in  Judea is  the same  climate as  most of Europe.
         Snow falls in Jerusalem, Bethlehem and the Hebron Hills. Rain,
         winds and  cold nights  with temperatures  down to below zero.
         December  corresponds  to  the  ninth  month  of the  Biblical
         calendar.   Concerning the ninth month it states in Ezra 10.9,
         "The people  trembled because of this matter and on account of
         the great  rain" which is  also made clear in v 13, "it is the
         season of much rain." During the rainy season shepherds do not
         abide in  the fields,  thus  Jesus could not have been born in
         December.

         The story of the birth of Jesus has numerous similarities with
         older pagan beliefs.

         Luke 2.8ff  states that Jesus was visited by shepherds who had
         been notified by angels about his birthplace. Are we surprised
         that  at  the  birth  of  Mithra,  the  child  was  adored  by
         shepherds,  who brought gifts? (Encyclopedia Britannica Vol 17
         p  623),  or  that  the  god Hermes  was wrapped  in swaddling
         clothes   when   he  was   born  and   placed  in   a  liknon:
         manger-basket? Matt  2.1-6 states  that  the  couple  went  to
         Bethlehem  to  fulfill  prophecy.   Yet  the  place  shown  in
         Bethlehem as the birthplace of Jesus is actually a rock shrine
         in which  the god  Tammus (Adonis) was worshipped.  Our source
         for this  is none other than the early Christian father Jerome
         (Epistle 58 ad  Paulinum).  He was  horrified to discover that
         Tammuz ultimately became confused in men's minds with Jesus.

         The story  of Mary,  fleeing from Herod to Egypt with her son,
         Matt 2.14-15, is akin to the tale of Isis who hid her son from
         Seth the murderer of Osiris until Horus was fully grown.  Both
         official theology  and popular  belief is  that Isis and Horus
         are the  perfect mother  and son,  thus Isis is represented in
         bronze statues  as madonna and child.  Archaeologists have had
         difficulty differentiating  between relics  of Isis with Horus
         in her arms, and those of Mary holding the infant Jesus.

         In Egypt,  it was believed that Horus the son of Isis,  (Queen
         of Heaven) was  born on December 25th.  Pagans celebrated this
         day centuries before the birth of Jesus.

         Concerning the  virgin birth,  Encyclopedia Britannica states:
         "The virgin birth of a god was a theme common in the mythology
         of  the  Hellenistic  world.  Births  of  deities  were  often
         described in miraculous terms.  Mithra,  the god of light,  is
         described as being born from a rock, the birth being witnessed
         by shepherds  on a day (December 25) that was later claimed by
         Christians as the nativity of Christ."

         Both Matthew  and Luke were wrong to suppose that the birth of
         Jesus fulfilled any Biblical prophecy.

         The Gospels  cite Isa  7.14, but this  verse clearly states in
         the original Hebrew, "the young woman is with child." Thus the
         woman Isaiah  was referring  to could  not have  been Mary the
         mother of  Jesus,  for no  woman can  be kept pregnant for 700
         years, the time from Isaiah till the birth of Jesus.  Also the
         prophecy referred to by Matthew, Matt 2.6 was not fulfilled by
         the birth  of Jesus,  "And thou Bethlehem in the land of Judah
         art not least among the princes of Judah,  for out of you will
         come a governor who shall rule my people Israel".

         This prophecy  refers to the Jewish belief that the Messiah is
         to come  from the  descendants of  David who  was of old times
         described as  'the son  of the  Ephratite of Bethlehem' (1 Sam
         17.12). Micah is simply saying,  that from David will come the
         Messiah.

         The prophecy could not refer to Jesus because,

         a] He was  not a  ruler in Israel,  quite the opposite,  Jesus
         said, "My kingdom is not of this world" (John 18.36).

         b] He was  not a  descendant of  David (Joseph came from David
         but Joseph was not the father of Jesus).

         c] The prophecy refers to the 'last days' as seen by reference
         to the preceding and following chapters.

         All of  the customs  observed by  Christians at  Christmas are
         also of pagan origins.

         The pagans  used to  kiss under the mistletoe during the night
         of revelry  and drunken  debauchery when celebrating the birth
         of  the  new  sun  at  the  winter  solstice.  Holly  was also
         considered sacred to the sun-god.

         The  Yule  Log  comes  from the  ancient fire-festival  of the
         winter solstice. In some communities the Yule Log was known as
         the  Christbrand  and  was  replaced  on  the fire  whenever a
         thunderstorm broke, because it was believed to protect against
         lightening. In various parts of France the Yule Log is thought
         to  guard  the  house  against  sorcery  as  well  as  against
         lightening .  As the Yule Log was of oak,  it is possible that
         the belief  may be  a relic  of the old Aryan creed associated
         with  the  god  of  thunder.  [The Golden  Bough by  Sir James
         Frazer]

         The  Bible  itself  does  have  something  to  say  about  the
         Christmas  tree.   Jer  10.2-6. "Learn  not  the  way  of  the
         nations...for the  customs of  the people  are vanity:  a tree
         from the  forest is  cut down...  they deck it with silver and
         gold." The Bible regards the Christmas tree as "the way of the
         heathen." The use  of evergreen  trees decorated with garlands
         were a  symbol of  eternal life used in ancient customs of the
         Egyptians.

         According to  Encyclopedia Britannica Vol 2 p 904, "The modern
         Christmas  tree  originated in  Germany known  as a  "Paradise
         tree." They hung  wafers upon  it (symbolizing  the host,  the
         Christian  sign  of redemption); the  hosts eventually  became
         cookies of various shapes.

         The exchanging of gifts at Christmas is also of pagan origins.
         The celebration  of birthdays is unknown in traditional Jewish
         ritual.  Jesus was a Jew therefore he himself would never have
         celebrated his own birthday. The early Christians of the first
         three centuries,  like  traditional Jews  only celebrated  the
         Yarzeit (memorial  of one's  death).  The only  reference to a
         birthday in  the Bible is that celebrated by Pharaoh,  a pagan
         king of  Egypt,  Gen 40.20. In  fact the  presenting of  gifts
         between friends  according to Bibliotheca Sacra,  Vol 12, page
         153-155, "is  alike   characteristic  of   Christmas  and  the
         Saturnalia,  and must have been adopted by Christians from the
         pagans,  as the  admonition of  Tertullian plainly shows." The
         Catholic  Encyclopedia  states,  "Sinners alone,  not  saints,
         celebrate their birthdays."

         Christmas is  kept alive  not only by Christians who have been
         nurtured in  a false  belief dishonouring to God,  but also by
         the retail  shopping centers around the world.  Advertisements
         about  the  "season  of  goodwill" and the  "Christmas spirit"
         eulogise  the   pagan  season.   Christians   have  become  so
         inoculated  by  the  Christmas  festival  with  all its  pagan
         sources that they quickly take offense when told the truth.
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